b'HyperthermiaChapterWhen the outside temperature is the same as your body temperature, you are unable to lose any heat through radiation. If the outside atmosphere is also humid, you are unable to lose heat by evaporation of sweat. If you are exercising or working strenuously in this type of environment, the body will generate and produce more heat. In these circumstances heat illness through dehydration (because the body cannot sweat) can take effect quickly and progress through stages of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke and may even cause death.The management of heat induced illness is aimed at cooling and hydration. Heat CrampsThese are painful muscle cramps, usually in the legs and abdomen and are caused by losing too much body salt and water through excessive sweating.How to RecognisePainful muscle cramping and spasms.Patient complains of mild stress, general aches and pains.Moist, warm skin.How to ManageHave the patient rest comfortably in a cool shady place.Gently stretch affected muscles.Help the patient replace fluids by giving cool water to drink.Gently massage to ease spasms or cramps and apply crushed ice packs.For a patient 5 years of age and underWhile waiting for Ambulance:Cool in a tepid (lukewarm) bath if possible and sponge frequently for 10 minutes or:Repeatedly moisten the skin with a moist cloth or sprayFan continuouslyHydration managementOral hydration should only be given if fully conscious and able to swallow.Give cool or cold water to drink if fully conscious and able to swallow.Any commercially available sports drink (3-8% carbohydrate electrolyte fluid) is helpful.134 Heat and Cold Emergency'