b'Infection Control and DiseaseChapterWhen helping at a scene, there is always potential for disease to pass between a patient and the first aider. This is known as cross infection. In many situations there may be a high risk of virus infection such as hepatitis and HIV. It is essential that you take every precaution possible to help minimise cross infection when assisting with first aid at an incident.The actual risk of transmission in first aid is extremely low however you should take steps to minimise the transfer of potential infectious diseases.Minimising the Risk of Cross InfectionAlways assume that all body fluids are potentially infectious. Scrub hands thoroughly, use protective clothing and observe correct workplace hygiene practices. Circumstances do not always allow you the time to organise these measures especially in case of sudden emergency.Where possible, thoroughly wash your hands before and after managing any wound. Cover any cuts or abrasions on your hands with waterproof dressings. If possible, wear disposable protective gloves and protective clothing(gowns, eye shields).In the event of resuscitation, use a protective resuscitationmask.Cover all injuries such as wounds, burns, fracturespreferably with clean or sterile dressings.Dispose of all contaminated medical wastecorrectly. f you are contaminated, wash the area Ithoroughly and seek medical advice.Try to avoid:Direct contact with any body fluids from the patient such as bleeding wounds, weeping burnsand vomit.Breathing, coughing or sneezing over any wounds. Any blood spill or splash into your eyes, mouth or existing wound. Sharp objects on or near the patient such as syringes. Tetanus InfectionTetanus is a micro-organism commonly found in soil and animal manure. The powerful poison produced by tetanus acts on the nervous system and causes generalised muscle rigidity and spasms. These conditions can be life threatening. Tetanus vaccination is essential.254 Infection Control and Disease'